Glossary

A fraud proof, also known as fault proof, is evidence presented by a verifier to contest the accuracy of a transaction state.

The anxiety of missing out on a potential opportunity, often leading to impulsive investment decisions.

Spreading negative information or skepticism to manipulate prices or sentiment in the market.

Dividing an asset into smaller units for fractional ownership, increasing accessibility and liquidity.

The lowest recent price at which an NFT has been sold, indicating potential market demand.

Owning a portion of a larger asset, like an NFT, shared among multiple individuals.

Taking advantage of knowing about upcoming transactions to profit unfairly in advance.

A unit of Bitcoin, equivalent to one millionth of a Bitcoin (BTC).

The confirmation and irreversible inclusion of a transaction into a blockchain, ensuring its immutability.

A branching point in a blockchain where the network splits into two separate chains, often due to protocol changes.

A computer that downloads and stores the entire blockchain history, enabling independent verification of transactions.

A system that distributes small amounts of cryptocurrency for free, often used for educational or promotional purposes.

Traditional government-issued currency, like the US dollar or Euro.

A cryptocurrency whose value is tied to a specific fiat currency, aiming for price stability.

A mining pool reward distribution method where all participating miners receive a share based on their contributed hashrate.

Fully Diluted ValuationThe total market capitalization of a cryptocurrency if all potential tokens were in circulation.

Contracts agreeing to buy or sell an asset at a specific price in the future, used for speculation or hedging.

A hypothetical event where Ethereum's market capitalization surpasses Bitcoin's, based on the ETH and BTC token symbols.

Front running remains a significant issue in decentralized finance and cryptocurrency trading, but ongoing efforts to mitigate its effects are paving the way for a fairer and more transparent blockchain ecosystem. By understanding how front running works and the solutions being developed to counter it, users and developers can contribute to the creation of a more equitable decentralized financial landscape.

Verifiable computation is a cryptographic process that allows a party (the verifier) to efficiently check the correctness of the output of a computation performed by another party (the prover) without having to execute the computation themselves.

Firms that invest in high-growth companies, including some blockchain startups.

Vara Network employs an innovative and inclusive Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) mechanism to select validators for its consensus protocol.

A cryptographic proof demonstrating that a transaction or block is valid according to the rules of the blockchain.

A Layer 2 scaling solution where off-chain transactions are batched and periodically submitted to the main chain for verification, similar to optimistic rollups but offering potentially lower fees.

A node responsible for verifying transactions and creating new blocks on a blockchain network.

Vara Network is a next-generation blockchain platform designed to offer scalable, secure, and efficient infrastructure for decentralized applications (dApps).

A dynamic fee system where the cost of buying or selling a token varies based on various factors, aimed at mitigating price volatility.

A type of decentralized exchange (DEX) that uses smart contracts to manage liquidity pools, similar to automated market makers (AMMs) but utilizing Layer 2 solutions for potential scalability benefits.

"SHILL" in crypto is someone promoting assets covertly for manipulation or hype.

A derogatory term for a cryptocurrency perceived to have little value or utility.

A group of individuals or a service that combines their staking power to increase their chances of earning rewards on a Proof-of-Stake blockchain.

The smallest unit of Bitcoin (BTC), equal to one hundred millionth of a Bitcoin (0.00000001 BTC).

A unit of digital currency equal to one millionth of a Bitcoin (0.000001 BTC).

A large order to sell an asset at a specific price point, potentially creating downward pressure on the market.

The upgraded name for the Cardano blockchain after several development phases.

The process of converting data into a sequential format for storage or transmission.

A minimum fundraising goal in a token sale, if not reached, the project may need to adjust its plans or return funds to investors.

Substrate is a modular, flexible framework for building custom blockchains.

State Transition is a refers to the process by which the state of a blockchain changes in response to transactions.

Protocols built on top of existing blockchains to address scalability limitations by processing transactions off-chain, offering faster and cheaper transactions.

A Bitcoin protocol upgrade that separates transaction signatures from other data, enabling increased block capacity and efficiency.

Smart contracts that automatically execute predefined actions upon meeting certain conditions, eliminating the need for manual intervention.

A high-level programming language for writing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.

A scaling technique that divides a blockchain into smaller partitions (shards), allowing parallel processing of transactions and potentially increasing throughput.

A separate blockchain connected to a main chain, potentially used for specific functionalities or scalability purposes.

A specific rule in Proof-of-Stake blockchains where validators can be penalized for misbehavior, losing some or all of their staked tokens.

A specific time period in a blockchain where a new block can be created, often used in Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanisms.

A change to a blockchain protocol that is backward compatible, meaning older nodes can still process transactions from newer nodes.

A collection of tools and libraries for developers to build applications on a specific blockchain platform.

A cryptographic hash function widely used in blockchain applications, generating unique and fixed-size outputs from arbitrary data.

SubQuery is a decentralized data indexing protocol designed for blockchain applications, enabling developers to query and extract blockchain data efficiently.

The pseudonymous individual or group who created Bitcoin, their true identity remains unknown.

The ability of a blockchain network to handle increasing transaction volume and user activity without significant performance degradation.

A self-executing program stored on a blockchain that automatically executes predefined terms of an agreement when certain conditions are met.

Simple Transactions represent a streamlined approach to processing transactions on the blockchain. In contrast to traditional blockchains, which often batch transactions into blocks, Simple Transactions are processed individually. This methodology aims to reduce latency and increase efficiency by validating each transaction on its own merits, rather than as part of a larger set. The result is quicker transaction finality and a more responsive blockchain network.

A sequencer in the crypto world is a component that orders transactions within Layer 2 solutions, such as Optimistic Rollups or zk-Rollups.

In Web3, a "schema" serves as a structured data model that outlines how data is organized within blockchain applications.

Random data added to cryptographic processes to prevent predictable outputs and enhance security.

A memory-hard hashing algorithm used in some cryptocurrencies like Litecoin, making it more resistant to ASIC mining compared to SHA-256.

The market where previously issued tokens or NFTs are traded between individuals or platforms, not involving their initial creators.

A fund established by some cryptocurrency exchanges to protect user assets in case of hacks or security breaches.

A US government agency responsible for regulating securities markets, including potential oversight of some cryptocurrency activities.

A random sequence of words used to generate private keys in cryptocurrency wallets, requiring secure storage and backup.

A fraudulent scheme where attackers gain control of a phone number to intercept communication and potentially steal cryptocurrency or other digital assets.

The total amount of tokens or coins in circulation for a specific cryptocurrency.

Exchanging one cryptocurrency for another, similar to foreign exchange trading.

SOL is the native cryptocurrency of the Solana blockchain. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining and operating the Solana network and can be used for a variety of purposes

The Solana Program Library (SPL) is akin to a standard library in traditional programming languages but tailored for the Solana blockchain.

A 64-byte ed25519 signature of R (32-bytes) and S (32-bytes). With the requirement that R is a packed Edwards point not of small order and S is a scalar in the range of 0 <= S < L. This requirement ensures no signature malleability. Each transaction must have at least one signature for fee account. Thus, the first signature in transaction can be treated as transaction id

Seed nodes are indispensable for maintaining the connectivity and scalability of blockchain networks. By providing essential peer discovery services, they enable new nodes to easily join and synchronize with the network. As blockchain adoption continues to grow, seed nodes will remain a key component in ensuring the resilience and accessibility of decentralized systems.

Public forums where crypto projects answer questions from their community.

In the context of Web3, an API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of protocols, tools, and definitions that allows different software applications to communicate with each other.

A specialized blockchain dedicated to a specific community or application.

Designed to resist efficient mining by specialized ASIC hardware.

A whitelist, granting exclusive access to certain events or opportunities in a Web3 project.

Disconnecting a device from the internet to store crypto offline for maximum security.

The set of rules governing how a blockchain operates, like Proof of Work or Proof of Stake.

Specialized hardware for mining certain cryptocurrencies more efficiently.

Proof of identity or specific attributes on a blockchain for various use cases.

Offchain Labs, the team behind Arbitrum, launched the code and public testnet for Arbitrum Stylus, a new addition to the Arbitrum Nitro technology stack that enhances support for Arbitrum One, Arbitrum Nova, and Arbitrum Orbit chains.

Arbitrum Orbit, introduced by Arbitrum in March 2023, gives users the tools to create their own Layer 3 (which is a layer on top of the Ethereum mainnet Layer 1 and Layer 2, so it's called Layer 3).

Arbitrum Nova is a different Layer 2 option in the Arbitrum family that has different use case than Arbitrum One.

Arbitrum Nitro is NOT considered as a separate network, but a technical stack upgrade of Arbitrum One.

Arbitrum is a Layer 2 scaling solution for the Ethereum blockchain that lowers transaction costs and empowers fast smart contract transactions.

Arbitrum is a Layer 2 scaling solution for the Ethereum blockchain that lowers transaction costs and empowers fast smart contract transactions.

Free distribution of crypto or NFTs to promote a project or reward users.

Address delegation in Web3 is the process where one blockchain address grants certain rights or permissions to another address to act on its behalf.

An "address" in Web3 serves as a cornerstone in the architecture of blockchain networks, similar to an account number in traditional banking.

ArbOS serves as the Layer 2 EVM hypervisor that creates the operational environment for L2 Arbitrum. It oversees and allocates network resources, forms blocks from received messages, and runs its modified version of Geth to execute smart contracts.

A unique identifier on a blockchain, like a bank account, holding your crypto and interacting with dApps.

In the context of blockchain and decentralized systems, an Actor refers to any entity that interacts with the blockchain network.

A crypto whose value is algorithmically maintained near a target price, often using another asset.

The Actor Model is a conceptual model used to design and implement concurrent and distributed systems. It treats "actors" as the fundamental units of computation.

In the context of Web3, All-Time High (ATH) refers to the highest price level that a cryptocurrency or token has ever reached since its inception.

ArbitrageExploiting price discrepancies between different platforms for quick profits.

Instant, secure exchange of crypto directly between two individuals across different blockchains.

Anchor is a widely used framework in the Solana ecosystem and simplifies the process of building Solana programs.

In the context of Web3, All-Time Low (ATL) refers to the lowest price level that a cryptocurrency or token has ever reached since its inception.

Automatic Replay Protection in Web3 refers to mechanisms that prevent replay attacks.

API nodes are fundamental components of blockchain networks, providing essential services for data access, transaction processing, and smart contract execution. By understanding and leveraging API nodes, developers and stakeholders can enhance the functionality and reliability of decentralized applications and services, driving innovation in the Web3 space.

In the Web3 ecosystem, address-owned objects are digital assets linked to a unique 32-byte address. This address can be an account address derived from a signature scheme or an object ID. The primary feature of address-owned objects is their exclusive accessibility; only the owner of the associated address can access and manage these objects.

A platform offering regulated Bitcoin custody and other crypto-related services.

Expecting prices to fall and pessimistic about the market outlook.

Automated programs interacting with exchanges or platforms to execute trades or gather information.

Expecting prices to rise and optimistic about the market outlook.

A slang term for building and developing in the Web3 space.

A tool to search and view information about blocks and transactions on a blockchain.

An ATM-like machine for buying and selling Bitcoin with cash.

A tool facilitating the transfer of assets between different blockchains.

Bull MarketA prolonged period of rising crypto prices and optimistic sentiment.

A central coordinating chain in Ethereum's Proof of Stake system.

Proposed changes to the Bitcoin protocol requiring community consensus.

Verification of a block by the network, proving its validity.

The incentive awarded to miners for verifying transactions and adding new blocks.

The average time it takes to add a new block to a blockchain.

See Block Explorer.

The challenge of balancing scalability, security, and decentralization in blockchain technology.

Storing your crypto private key only in your memory, a highly risky practice.

The number of blocks added to a blockchain since its creation.

"Buy The Dip" refers to a common investment strategy in cryptocurrency and stock markets where investors purchase assets after a significant price decline, anticipating a rebound and potential profit.

An enthusiastic supporter and promoter of Bitcoin.

Grouping multiple orders together for execution at a specific time.

A prolonged period of declining crypto prices and negative sentiment.

The first and most popular cryptocurrency.

A New York State license for businesses handling virtual currencies.

A sudden, sharp decline in cryptocurrency prices.

Removing tokens permanently from circulation, potentially increasing scarcity and value.

Backpack in the Web3 context is not about the physical item you carry on your shoulders; instead, it’s a Solana-based NFT wallet app that provides users a smooth way to manage assets and NFTs within the Galxe web3 community.

Blockchain is a transformative technology that underpins the decentralized digital economy. By providing a secure, transparent, and tamper-proof record of transactions, blockchain technology is revolutionizing various industries and enabling the development of innovative applications. Understanding and leveraging blockchain is essential for developers, businesses, and individuals looking to participate in the Web3 ecosystem.

Bounties play a vital role in the Web3 ecosystem, offering a decentralized and efficient way to incentivize community contributions. Whether it’s securing a network, developing new features, promoting a project, or gathering user feedback, bounties help projects achieve their objectives while rewarding participants for their efforts.

The term "bagholder" is a vivid illustration of the challenges and risks inherent in cryptocurrency investing. While it often carries a negative connotation, understanding its meaning and implications can help investors make more informed decisions and avoid the pitfalls that lead to becoming a bagholder. By adopting strategies such as diversification, setting stop-loss orders, and staying informed, investors can better navigate the volatile waters of the crypto market and improve their chances of success in the Web3 era.

Blocks are a fundamental component of blockchain technology, ensuring the secure and transparent recording of transactions and data. By understanding and leveraging blocks, developers and stakeholders can enhance the functionality and security of decentralized applications and networks. As Web3 continues to evolve,

A brief temporary rise in price after a significant decline, often a false signal of recovery.

A crucial principle in Web3, emphasizing personal research and critical thinking before making investment decisions.

A slang term in the crypto community for someone taking high-risk, speculative bets, often associated with DeFi or meme coins.

An attempt to overwhelm a system with traffic from multiple sources, disrupting its normal operation.

The process of converting encrypted data back into its original readable form.

An application built on a blockchain network, offering functionalities without a single point of control.

A consensus mechanism where token holders delegate their voting power to elected representatives ("validators") who secure the network.

A large Ethereum developer conference focusing on technical discussions and project presentations.

A measure of how hard it is to mine a new block on a Proof-of-Work blockchain, adjusting automatically to maintain a desired block time.

A mechanism in Ethereum's protocol gradually increasing mining difficulty over time, eventually transitioning to Proof-of-Stake.

A digital representation of an individual's identity used in online interactions, potentially leveraging blockchain technology.

The overarching term for technologies enabling distributed ledgers, encompassing blockchain and other variations.

Attempting to spend the same digital asset twice, a problem prevented by the security mechanisms of cryptocurrencies.

"Data availability" in blockchain ensures all network participants can access and verify essential data, maintaining integrity and transparency.

A community-driven organization governed by smart contracts and token-based voting, operating without a central authority.

The distribution of control and decision-making across a network rather than a single entity.

Operated without a central authority, relying on distributed consensus mechanisms.

Placing funds or assets into a specific platform or application for various purposes, like earning interest in DeFi.

Any intangible asset existing in digital form, including cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other tokens.

A cryptographic technique used to authenticate the identity of a sender and ensure the integrity of data.

A database replicated across multiple computers, ensuring transparency and immutability of recorded data.

The primary role of a Data Availability Committee is to monitor, store, and possibly attest to the availability of data necessary for verifying transactions that have been processed off-chain.

The number of unique blockchain addresses holding or transacting assets within a 24-hour period.

A cryptocurrency exchange platform operating on a blockchain, eliminating the need for centralized intermediaries.

A financial system built on blockchain technology, offering services like lending, borrowing, and trading without traditional intermediaries.

Financial contracts whose value is derived from the underlying price of another asset, like cryptocurrency derivatives tracking Bitcoin price.

The marketplace where derivatives are traded, including cryptocurrency derivatives exchanges.

The process of obtaining a new value or entity based on an existing one, commonly used in cryptography and smart contracts.

A data structure used in some blockchain alternatives, offering faster transaction processing compared to traditional blockchains.

The market share of a specific cryptocurrency compared to the total cryptocurrency market capitalization.

A sudden and significant price decline in a cryptocurrency.

Sending tiny amounts of cryptocurrency to many wallets to spam or track users, disrupting their functionality.

An auction where the price starts high and gradually decreases until someone bids, aiming for a fair market price discovery.

Data Availability Certificate (DAC) is a cryptographic proof used to verify that a specific set of data is publicly available and can be accessed by anyone on the network.

A slang term for the NFT markets during a period of significant decline or bearish sentiment.

A technical analysis chart pattern indicating a potential trend reversal from bearish to bullish.

Gasless and Signless Transactions are pioneering features introduced by the Gear Protocol, aimed at transforming the user experience within decentralized applications (dApps).

Gear Protocol is a cutting-edge Substrate-based WebAssembly smart contract platform that streamlines the shift from Web2 to Web3 development. It provides a smooth experience for deploying smart contracts without the need to develop a completely new blockchain and users can enjoy the benefits of blockchain technology and create dApps with ease and efficiency.

The unit used to measure the computational effort required for transactions on the Ethereum network, influencing transaction fees.

The first block created on a blockchain, marking its starting point.

The Gear Network is an advanced blockchain system designed to maintain a distributed state, leveraging the power of WebAssembly (Wasm) for runtime code. It stands out due to its capability for forkless runtime upgrades, ensuring that the state is finalized when a finality gadget is employed.

The amount paid to miners or validators for processing a transaction on a blockchain, determined by gas used and gas price.

The maximum amount of gas a user is willing to spend for a transaction, preventing accidental high fees.

The amount a user is willing to pay per unit of gas for their transaction, influencing miners' prioritization.

A unit of gas equal to one billionth of an ETH, often used for gas prices due to smaller numbers.

A common informal greeting used in the crypto community, often online.

Genesis in the context of the Sui ecosystem refers to the foundational event that marks the launch of the Sui blockchain. This event includes the creation of the genesis block, the very first block in the blockchain, establishing the initial state of the network and enabling it to begin processing transactions and smart contracts.

A specialized hardware component often used for mining certain cryptocurrencies due to its processing power.

GRC-20 is a token standard used on the Gridcoin blockchain, similar to Ethereum's ERC-20 standard.

GaiaNet Nodes represent a significant advancement in the Web3 ecosystem, offering a decentralized and customizable approach to AI technology. By enabling individuals and businesses to create, deploy, scale, and monetize AI agents, GaiaNet fosters innovation and empowers users. While challenges remain, the potential of GaiaNet to revolutionize the AI landscape is immense. As Web3 continues to evolve, GaiaNet Nodes will likely play a pivotal role in shaping the future of decentralized AI. In the ever-evolving world of Web3, staying informed and understanding new technologies is essential. GaiaNet Nodes provide a glimpse into the future of AI, where decentralization and customization pave the way for inno

GaiaNet domains are the building blocks of a new, decentralized internet. By connecting computers with shared goals, they create a platform for exciting new technologies. As more and more people join GaiaNet, we can expect to see amazing new things happen.

Zero-knowledge rollups (ZK-rollups) aggregate transactions into groups that are processed off-chain.

An oracle providing data to a blockchain network using zero-knowledge proofs, protecting the confidentiality of the data while ensuring its validity.

A special blockchain address with no private key, often used to burn tokens or send them out of circulation.

A transaction not yet included in a block on the blockchain, considered unconfirmed and potentially subject to reversal.

A cryptographic technique where someone can prove they possess certain information without revealing the information itself, enhancing privacy and security.

A specific type of zero-knowledge proof with efficiency benefits, used in some blockchain scaling solutions.

A field of research exploring how to apply zero-knowledge proofs to machine learning models, potentially enabling privacy-preserving training and inference.

zkEVM is a type of zk-rollup designed to replicate the Ethereum transaction execution environment, running smart contracts and verifying their correct execution through Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs)

zkLogin (Zero-Knowledge Login) represents a transformative approach to user authentication in the Web3 ecosystem. Leveraging zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), zkLogin allows users to verify their identity or credentials without exposing sensitive information. This method ensures maximum privacy and security, critical attributes in decentralized environments.

Zk-SNARK, which stands for "Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge," is a type of cryptographic proof.

A zero-knowledge (ZK) proof is a type of cryptographic protocol that allows one party (the prover) to prove to another (the verifier) the truth of a certain assertion without revealing any additional information about the assertion itself.

A casual greeting sometimes used in the crypto community, similar to "gm" or "sup."

A slang term meaning "hold on for dear life," encouraging long-term cryptocurrency investment despite price fluctuations.

A significant protocol change in a blockchain that creates two incompatible chains, requiring users to choose which version to follow.

A distributed ledger technology alternative to blockchain, aiming for faster transaction processing and potentially different consensus mechanisms.

A consensus mechanism combining Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake, aiming to leverage the strengths of both for security and scalability.

An open-source project providing tools and frameworks for building enterprise-grade blockchain applications.

A unique identifier generated from a data block using a cryptographic function, ensuring data integrity and tamper-proof records.

The combined computing power used to secure a blockchain network, influencing mining difficulty and transaction speed.

The periodic reduction of block rewards for miners in certain Proof-of-Work blockchains, like Bitcoin.

A base-16 numeral system using digits 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers, commonly used in blockchain addresses and hash values.

A predetermined maximum supply of tokens that can ever be created for a cryptocurrency.

A physical device for storing cryptocurrency private keys offline, offering enhanced security compared to software wallets.

A type of wallet that generates new addresses from a single seed phrase, offering improved security and organization compared to basic wallets.

A cryptocurrency wallet connected to the internet, offering convenience but potentially higher security risks compared to cold wallets.

Helium is a decentralized blockchain-powered network for Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

In the bustling world of Solana, a blockchain known for its speed and scalability, a name keeps popping up: Helius.

An individual or entity holding a significant amount of a specific cryptocurrency, potentially influencing market prices due to their large holdings.

A slang term expressing optimism about the future of cryptocurrency and the potential for widespread financial success.

A list of cryptocurrencies or other assets that an individual or organization is tracking and monitoring.

A list of approved individuals or addresses who can participate in a token sale or other exclusive event, often used to prevent scams or unfair access.

WebAssembly (abbreviated Wasm) is a type of code that lets web applications run really fast, almost like they’re running directly on your computer.

A document outlining the technical details and goals of a blockchain project, similar to a business plan.

A unique identifier used to send and receive cryptocurrency on the blockchain.

A software application for storing and managing cryptocurrency private keys and interacting with the blockchain.

A vision for a decentralized internet built on blockchains and cryptocurrencies, aiming for greater individual ownership and control of data and applications.

A cryptocurrency wallet designed specifically for interacting with Web3 applications and decentralized protocols.

In Web3, a Worker Node refers to a crucial component within decentralized networks, such as those utilizing proof-of-stake (PoS) or proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanisms. Essentially, a Worker Node performs specific tasks or computations to validate transactions, secure the network, or contribute to the overall functionality of decentralized platforms.

A fraudulent trading activity where someone buys and sells the same asset to create artificial trading volume or manipulate prices.

The smallest unit of Ether (ETH), the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain.

A phrase implying insider knowledge or understanding of a specific topic, often used in online communities.

The characteristic of blockchain data being unchangeable and tamper-proof, ensuring transparency and auditability.

A provider of infrastructure and application programming interfaces (APIs) for interacting with Ethereum and other blockchains.

A transfer of funds within the same smart contract, not involving blockchain transactions.

The ability of different blockchain networks to communicate and exchange data with each other, aiming for a more connected ecosystem.

Network of interconnected devices collecting and sharing data, potentially integrated with blockchain technology.

Intra-Validator Sharding is a cutting-edge approach in blockchain technology designed to enhance the efficiency and scalability of networks. Unlike traditional sharding, which divides the entire blockchain into smaller, more manageable pieces called shards, Intra-Validator Sharding focuses on optimizing the performance within a single validator. This technique allows validators to process multiple transactions simultaneously, increasing throughput and reducing latency.

A fundraising method where a project sells new tokens to the public to raise capital.

A visual representation of a cryptocurrency address, often used for identification and branding purposes.

A fundraising method where new tokens are sold directly on a cryptocurrency exchange platform.

A potential decrease in the value of assets deposited in DeFi protocols due to price fluctuations, even if the overall underlying asset value remains the same.

A decentralized peer-to-peer file storage system aiming for efficient and censorship-resistant data storage.

The traditional process of a company selling shares to the public for the first time on a stock exchange, not directly related to cryptocurrency.

Causal History refers to the ordered sequence of causal relationships between events or transactions within a distributed system, such as a blockchain. It establishes a chronological chain of cause-and-effect relationships, crucial for maintaining consistency and predictability in decentralized networks.

A Creative Commons Zero NFT, meaning the intellectual property rights are completely relinquished by the creator, allowing anyone to freely use and modify the work without restriction.

A group of NFTs with shared characteristics, often created by the same artist or project.

A leading blockchain technology company offering various products and services.

In the context of Web3 and cryptographic protocols, a circuit is a mathematical and logical representation of a computation that facilitates efficient and secure verification processes, such as in zero-knowledge proofs.

Software applications interacting with a specific blockchain network, like MetaMask or MyEtherWallet for Ethereum.

Renting or leasing access to mining hardware in data centers instead of owning and operating your own.

A software library providing building blocks for developers to create smart contracts and dApps.

The process of verifying a transaction on a blockchain and adding it to a permanent block.

The agreement mechanism used by a blockchain network to validate transactions and maintain a shared state.

Causal Order refers to the sequence and relationship between transactions and the objects they generate, presented as dependencies. In a blockchain context, this means validators must execute transactions in a specific order to respect these dependencies. Unlike total order, where every transaction is sequentially ordered, Sui blockchain uses causal order, which is a partial order that respects the dependencies among transactions without imposing a strict sequential order.

The ability of different dApps and smart contracts to interact and build upon each other.

A single, centralized database controlled by a specific entity, unlike the distributed ledger of blockchains.

Operated by a single entity with control over the system, opposite to decentralized.

A self-executing program on a blockchain that automatically enforces predefined rules upon certain conditions.

A digital asset designed to function as a medium of exchange, using cryptography for security and decentralization.

When two Stakers have conflicting views on the appropriate judgment for an Assertion, they can be entered into a challenge.

Cryptosis refers to an intense obsession or excessive involvement with cryptocurrencies and the broader digital asset market.

Storing cryptocurrency offline in a secure way, like hardware wallets or paper wallets, to minimize hacking risks.

A digital currency issued and backed by a central bank, similar to traditional fiat currency but existing solely in electronic form.

The total amount of a cryptocurrency currently available for trading or use.

A cryptocurrency designed to primarily function as a medium of exchange, like Bitcoin.

A physical device for storing cryptocurrency offline, providing greater security than hot wallets.

A complex financial instrument combining multiple debt exposures, not directly related to Web3 but sometimes mentioned in DeFi contexts.

A major upgrade to the Ethereum blockchain in 2019, introducing efficiency improvements and network changes.

A fundraising method where participants purchase tokens or coins in exchange for contributions to a project.

Prefix commonly used for terms related to cryptocurrency and blockchain technology.

Rewards offered for discovering vulnerabilities, bugs, or completing specific tasks in Web3 projects.

A period of rapid price inflation in the cryptocurrency market, often followed by a sharp correction.

Digital assets utilizing cryptography for security and verification, including cryptocurrencies and NFTs.

Practices ensuring adherence to regulations and laws related to cryptocurrencies and blockchain activities.

A proposed US legislation aiming to regulate cryptocurrency activities, still under debate.

The study of economic models and incentives used in cryptocurrencies and blockchain systems.

The science of secure communication using codes and algorithms to encrypt and decrypt information.

The holding and safeguarding of cryptocurrency by a third party, like an exchange or custodian.

At its core, a compute unit is a measure of computational effort or capacity required to execute operations on a blockchain network.

Complex transactions in the context of Web3 refer to sophisticated operations executed on blockchain networks, particularly through smart contracts. Unlike simple transactions that involve transferring cryptocurrencies between wallets, complex transactions involve multiple conditions, triggers, or steps that must be fulfilled for the transaction to execute autonomously.

A slang term criticizing excessive money printing by central banks, sometimes applied to inflationary cryptocurrencies.

A slang term expressing a desire for a rapid and significant price increase in a cryptocurrency.

Additional information attached to an NFT or other digital asset, providing context or attributes.

Message Automation is a groundbreaking feature introduced in various blockchain protocols, aiming to streamline and optimize interactions within decentralized applications (dApps).

Cryptocurrencies that can be created through a process called mining, often involving solving cryptographic puzzles.

Techniques for aiding memory by using associations and memorable phrases.

The live and public version of a blockchain network, as opposed to testnets used for development and testing.

The process of creating new NFTs or tokens on a blockchain.

A security feature requiring multiple private keys to authorize a transaction, enhancing security.

Individuals or pools who verify transactions and compete to create new blocks on Proof-of-Work blockchains, earning rewards.

The process of securing a blockchain network and creating new tokens through solving computational problems.

A collective term for immersive virtual worlds and experiences, potentially integrated with blockchain technology.

Margin TradingTrading borrowed funds to magnify potential profits (and losses) with higher risk.

A firm or individual who actively quotes both buy and sell prices for a specific asset, aiming to maintain liquidity and facilitate trading.

Orders to buy or sell an asset at the best available market price, executed immediately based on current offers.

Specialized nodes in some blockchains with additional functionalities and rewards, often requiring collateral deposits.

The maximum profit that can be extracted from a specific blockchain block, sometimes influencing block production and transaction fees.

A popular cryptocurrency wallet software for interacting with Ethereum and other dApps.

The incentive given to miners for verifying transactions and creating new blocks on a blockchain.

A data structure efficiently verifying the integrity of transactions in a blockchain by generating unique hashes for each block.

A network architecture where devices connect directly with each other, potentially used in some blockchain systems.

One millionth of a Bitcoin (BTC), a smaller unit for easier transactions and price representation.

A very small financial transaction, potentially facilitated by efficient blockchain technologies.

A smart contract defining the rules and rewards for mining on a blockchain.

A group of miners who combine their computing power to increase their chances of earning rewards.

Specialized hardware setup optimized for mining cryptocurrency, often with high computing power.

A series of random words used to back up and recover private keys in cryptocurrency wallets.

A blockchain architecture where different components can be interchangeable for greater flexibility and scalability.

A defunct cryptocurrency exchange that suffered a major hack in 2014, impacting the price of Bitcoin.

A cryptocurrency wallet requiring multiple signatures for transactions, offering increased security.

The total value of all outstanding tokens in circulation, calculated by multiplying the token

Someone who places market orders, fulfilling the orders of market makers and providing liquidity.

The Telos Arbitration Organization (TAO) is a formalized arbitration body on the Telos blockchain.

A slang term suggesting someone is unlikely to succeed in the crypto market.

A unique digital asset on a blockchain representing ownership of a specific item, often used for art, collectibles, or in-game items.

Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) is a consensus mechanism designed to secure blockchain networks by leveraging the power of stakeholder participation.

A random number used in cryptocurrency mining to create unique block hashes, preventing manipulation.

Wallets where users hold their own private keys and have complete control over their assets, unlike custodial wallets.

An NFT marketplace is an online platform that facilitates the buying, selling, and trading of non-fungible tokens (NFTs).

A platform that collects and displays information about NFTs from various marketplaces.

Nodeos is a fundamental component of blockchain networks, providing essential services for block production, transaction validation, and smart contract execution. By understanding and leveraging nodeos, developers and stakeholders can enhance the functionality and reliability of decentralized applications and services, driving innovation in the Web3 space.

Blockchain nodes are the cornerstone of decentralized networks, enabling trustless, transparent, and secure blockchain operations. As the blockchain ecosystem continues to evolve and expand into new applications, nodes will play an increasingly important role in ensuring the scalability and security of these systems. While running a node can be resource-intensive, advances in blockchain technology aim to reduce these burdens, making node participation more accessible for users. The future of blockchain nodes looks promising as they continue to support the decentralized infrastructure of Web3.

A fraudulent investment scheme that pays returns to investors using funds from new investors, ultimately unsustainable.

A manipulative scheme to artificially inflate the price of an asset through coordinated buying and then selling at a profit, harming other investors.

NFTs often used as avatars or profile pictures in online communities.

Games where players can earn cryptocurrency or NFTs through gameplay, potentially blurring the line between gaming and work.

In Solana, a "program" is essentially what other blockchain platforms refer to as smart contracts.

Acronyms for different consensus mechanisms used in blockchains

In some blockchains, the state where two or more nodes have the same copy of the ledger, ensuring network consistency.

A mining pool reward distribution method where miners are rewarded based on their contributed hashrate during the most recent N blocks.

A mining pool reward distribution method where miners receive a fixed reward for each valid share submitted, regardless of block discovery.

A blockchain with restricted access and participation, often used for enterprise applications requiring controlled environments.

A distributed ledger with restricted access and participation, similar to a permissioned blockchain.

A blockchain using a combination of Proof-of-Stake and Proof-of-Work consensus mechanisms, potentially leveraging the benefits of both.

A consensus mechanism where trusted entities validate transactions, used in permissioned blockchains.

A consensus mechanism where miners solve cryptographic puzzles to validate transactions and secure the network, requiring significant computational power.

The set of rules and procedures governing how a blockchain network operates.

Persistent Memory (PM) refers to a type of non-volatile memory that retains data even when power is lost, bridging the gap between traditional volatile memory (RAM) and long-term storage (hard drives or SSDs).

A blockchain with restricted access and participation, used for specific organizations or applications.

A blockchain with open access and participation, anyone can join and verify transactions.

A cryptographic key used to encrypt messages or verify signatures, paired with a private key for security.

Private Data Attestation leverages the cryptographic structure of Merkle Trees to selectively reveal specific data fields while safeguarding the privacy of the entire dataset.

Programmable Transaction Blocks (PTBs) are a novel approach to transactions on the Sui blockchain, significantly enhancing the flexibility and functionality of traditional blockchain transactions. Unlike basic records of asset flows, PTBs allow users to compose transactions with multiple commands that execute on inputs, defining the transaction's outcome in a single, atomic operation.

Direct interaction between individuals without intermediaries, like in decentralized networks.

A Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum that uses sidechains to process transactions off-chain and commit them to the main chain in batches, aiming for scalability.

A collection of cryptocurrency or other digital assets held by an individual or organization.

An event where tokens are sold to certain individuals or groups before they are publicly available, often at a discounted price.

Cryptocurrencies with enhanced privacy features like mixing or zero-knowledge proofs, aiming to obfuscate transaction details.

A digital currency not issued by a central authority, similar to cryptocurrency but potentially with more restrictions.

A cryptographic key used to access and spend cryptocurrency from a wallet, requiring secure storage and protection.

A consensus mechanism where validators stake cryptocurrency to secure the network and earn rewards, aiming for energy efficiency compared to PoW.

Proof of History is not a consensus mechanism in the traditional sense but rather a novel approach invented by Solana to enhance the efficiency of its blockchain.

Phantom is a digital wallet specifically designed for the Solana ecosystem, offering a user-friendly interface for managing cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and interactions with decentralized applications (DApps).

Layer 2 scaling solutions that bundle transactions off-chain, verify them using cryptographic proofs, and commit them to the main chain in batches, offering scalability and cost reduction.

A fraudulent scheme where developers abandon a project and abscond with investor funds after raising capital through token sales.

The relative scarcity of an NFT or other digital asset, influencing its value and desirability

A percentage of secondary sales proceeds automatically paid to the original creator of an NFT, providing ongoing revenue streams.

The percentage return on an investment, taking into account both profits and losses.

In the cryptocurrency community, "rekt" is a slang term derived from the word "wrecked.

An attempt to reuse a valid transaction from one blockchain on another blockchain where it may also be valid, potentially leading to unintended consequences like double spending.

Revocation refers to the process of marking an attestation as invalid. Attestations are statements or assertions certified by a party (the attestor), and revocation is necessary when these are no longer accurate or valid.

A protocol for making remote procedure calls, often used for interacting with blockchain applications through APIs.

A technical analysis indicator used to assess the strength of price movements in an asset.

In Layer 2 solutions, entities responsible for communicating between the main chain and the Layer 2, relaying transactions and proofs.

A cryptographic technique where multiple users sign a message, making it impossible to identify the specific signer while proving its authenticity.

In the realm of Web3, a resolver is a fundamental component designed to connect human-readable domain names with machine-readable identifiers, such as blockchain addresses.

Developed by Mozilla Research, Rust is a relatively young programming language (first released in 2015) designed with a focus on memory safety, performance, and concurrency.

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) represents a significant advancement in natural language processing, especially within Web3 technology. By combining LLMs with robust retrieval systems, RAG-based applications offer enhanced accuracy and relevance in responses. As the Web3 ecosystem continues to evolve, RAG technology will play a crucial role in ensuring that complex concepts and emerging technologies are communicated effectively and accurately.

A token standard enabling the creation of fungible and non-fungible tokens within a single contract, offering more flexibility.

A token standard for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on the Ethereum blockchain, ensuring unique ownership and transferability.

Equivocation is a way of speaking that is intentionally not clear and confusing to other people, especially to hide the truth, or something said in this way. For example: He answered openly and honestly without hesitation or equivocation.

Ethereum Request for Comments, a proposal category for standardizing aspects of the Ethereum ecosystem, including token standards.

Units of ETH, similar to cents for dollars, with common denominations like wei, gwei, and ether (ETH).

An execution trace is a detailed record of all operations performed during the execution of a smart contract or transaction on a blockchain.

A formal suggestion for improving the Ethereum protocol, requiring community discussion and voting for implementation.

The process of creating new tokens or coins, often through mining or staking rewards.

Cryptographic keys used to access or control cryptocurrencies; encrypted keys offer better security against unauthorized access.

The process of scrambling data into an unreadable format using cryptography, requiring a decryption key to access the original information.

A blockchain-based system for assigning human-readable names to Ethereum addresses and other crypto identities.

A measure of randomness or disorder, used in cryptography to generate unpredictable keys and secure transactions.

A specific time period in a blockchain network, used for various purposes like tracking rewards or protocol updates.

See Ethereum Virtual Machine.

A popular block explorer for the Ethereum blockchain, allowing users to search transactions, track addresses, and view blockchain data.

A decentralized open-source blockchain platform known for smart contracts and various applications beyond just cryptocurrency.

A runtime environment within the Ethereum

A platform where users can buy, sell, and trade cryptocurrencies or other digital assets.

Eventual Consistency is a consensus model used in distributed systems, including blockchain networks like Sui. In this model, if one honest validator certifies a transaction, all other honest validators will eventually certify it as well. This approach ensures that, over time, all nodes in the network converge to the same state, maintaining consistency across the system.

A widely used token standard for fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain, defining properties and functionalities.

EVM+ represents an enhancement to the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), as outlined in its proposal: "EIP: Decimal math for EVM. If EVM is a basic calculator, EVM+ is a scientific calculator."

The native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain, used for transactions, gas fees, and various applications.

A financial instrument that tracks an underlying asset or basket of assets and trades on a traditional stock exchange, not directly related to cryptocurrency but sometimes offered for crypto exposure.

Standard accounts on a blockchain controlled by private keys, used for sending and receiving cryptocurrency.

The Ed25519 curve is a specific type of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) used for generating digital signatures, a fundamental aspect of blockchain transactions.

A consortium of businesses collaborating to promote the development and adoption of Ethereum for enterprise use cases.

A popular marketplace for buying and selling NFTs.

A valid block temporarily excluded from the main chain due to limitations, later potentially included.

Off-chain attestation refers to attestations that are performed outside the blockchain but can be linked to blockchain technology for additional security and verification capabilities.

Activities or data existing outside the main blockchain, potentially linked through on-chain transactions.

Activities or data directly recorded on the main blockchain, transparent and verifiable.

An entity providing external data feeds to blockchain networks, bridging the gap between on-chain and off-chain information.

Staking cryptocurrency while keeping the tokens in a secure cold wallet, not connected to the internet.

Methods for converting fiat currency to cryptocurrency (on-ramp) or vice versa (off-ramp).

Software with publicly available source code that can be freely used, modified, and distributed.

A type of Machine Learning where transactions are assumed to be valid initially and only later challenged if found fraudulent, aiming for faster processing on Layer 2 solutions.

A Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum that bundles transactions off-chain, verifies them optimistically, and includes them on the main chain if valid, offering faster and cheaper transactions.

A contract giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a specific price by a certain date.

A list of buy and sell orders for an asset at different prices, used for matching orders in exchanges.

Trading directly between two parties without using an exchange, often for larger transactions.

On-chain attestation involves storing these attestations directly on the Ethereum blockchain, ensuring they are immutable and benefit from the blockchain's security and decentralization.

Orders to open or close a leveraged trading position, entering or exiting a trade.

The Object-Centric Data Model is a transformative approach in the Web3 space, offering a novel way to manage and interact with data on the blockchain. By emphasizing unique, addressable objects, this model provides enhanced flexibility, scalability, and security for decentralized applications. As the Web3 ecosystem continues to evolve, the Object-Centric Data Model will play a crucial role in shaping the future of blockchain technology and its applications.

In the context of the Sui blockchain, objects are the fundamental units of data storage and asset representation. Unlike traditional blockchains that store assets within user accounts or smart contract accounts, Sui uses an object-centric data model. This innovative approach redefines digital asset ownership by allowing objects to be independently defined, created, and managed by developers, with distinct attributes including ownership, stored directly on-chain.

The intentional removal of tokens from circulation, potentially reducing supply and increasing scarcity.

Tensor boasts of being one of the fastest NFT trading platforms on Solana. This translates to quicker transactions and potentially smoother experiences for users.

Another popular Ethereum testnet for developers.

The data structure used by the IOTA blockchain, where transactions validate each other, aiming for scalability and low fees.

A testing environment for blockchain applications and smart contracts, separate from the mainnet.

A popular Ethereum testnet for developers.

Another popular Ethereum testnet for developers.

A system where participants interact without the need for a central authority, relying on the blockchain for trust and verification.

A system capable of performing any computation, allowing for complex functionality in smart contracts.

A digital asset built on top of a blockchain, often representing specific functionalities or rights.

The Ethereum Attestation Service (EAS) is an open-source framework on the Ethereum blockchain designed to facilitate the creation, management, and verification of digital attestations.

A stablecoin pegged to the US dollar, aiming to maintain a constant value despite cryptocurrency price fluctuations.

A short abbreviation used to identify a specific cryptocurrency on exchanges and markets.

The moment when a token is initially created and distributed, often through a token sale or other mechanisms.

The total number of tokens that will ever be created for a specific cryptocurrency.

The total amount of cryptocurrency locked in smart contracts or DeFi protocols, indicating the market cap and potential locked value.

The total amount of a cryptocurrency traded within a specific timeframe.

A group of transactions bundled together and added to the blockchain as a single unit.

A fee paid to miners or validators for processing a transaction on the blockchain.

A temporary holding area for pending transactions waiting to be included in a block on the blockchain.

The number of transactions a blockchain network can process per second, a key metric for scalability.

Telos EVM (tEVM) is a non-Ethereum fork of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).

Telos Zero is the native consensus layer of the Telos blockchain, built to support the development of new blockchains and decentralized applications (dApps).

Transactions Per Second (TPS) is a crucial metric for blockchain networks, indicating the number of transactions a blockchain can process in one second.

The Telos Arbitration Organization (TAO) is a formalized arbitration body on the Telos blockchain.

Telos Decide is a transformative addition to the Web3 ecosystem, offering a comprehensive platform for decentralized governance. By understanding and leveraging Telos Decide, developers and stakeholders can enhance the functionality and transparency of decentralized applications and services, driving innovation in the decentralized world.

Telos (TLOS) is a powerful and innovative blockchain platform that addresses the scalability and cost challenges faced by other networks. With its high throughput, low transaction fees, and energy-efficient consensus model, Telos is positioned to drive the future of decentralized applications and finance. Its EVM compatibility further enhances its appeal, making it a critical player in the rapidly evolving blockchain space. As the ecosystem grows, Telos is set to become a leading platform for sustainable and efficient Web3 solutions.

A protocol for remote procedure calls using JSON format, commonly used for interacting with blockchain applications.

"LFG" is an acronym popularly used in various online communities, including the cryptocurrency and gaming worlds.

Scaling solutions built on top of a main blockchain to process transactions faster and cheaper, like rollups and sidechains.

A distributed database recording all transactions on a blockchain network, ensuring transparency and immutability.

A software wallet that doesn't download the entire blockchain but relies on trusted nodes for verification, requiring less storage space.

A payment network built on top of Bitcoin enabling fast and low-cost microtransactions.

Orders to buy or sell cryptocurrency at a specific price point, executed only if the market price reaches that level.

A governance model where token holders delegate their voting power to elected representatives.

A variation of Proof-of-Stake where staked tokens remain liquid and tradable.

Linea Network stands out as a highly promising Layer-2 solution.

Using borrowed funds to amplify potential returns or losses in cryptocurrency trading, increasing risk.

The ease with which an asset can be bought or sold without impacting its price significantly.

In Solana, "Lamport" often refers not directly to Lamport signatures but to a unit of measure within the blockchain's ecosystem.

LLMs represent a significant leap forward in AI technology, offering powerful capabilities for interpreting and generating human language. In the Web3 ecosystem, they enhance decentralization, improve smart contract development, and provide valuable insights from blockchain data. While challenges remain, the potential of LLMs to transform various industries is undeniable.

Regulations requiring financial institutions to verify the identity of their customers, often applied to cryptocurrency exchanges and platforms.

A file containing encrypted private keys used to access cryptocurrency wallets, requiring a password for decryption.

The difference in cryptocurrency prices between South Korea and other markets, historically favoring higher prices in Korea.

Coordinated Universal Time, the primary time standard used for international timekeeping.

A portion of cryptocurrency remaining after a transaction, available for future spending.

Another popular stablecoin pegged to the US dollar.

The practical use case or functionality offered by a token or cryptocurrency.

A token that grants access to a specific service or application on a blockchain platform

A two-dimensional barcode containing information, often used for quick access to cryptocurrency addresses or websites.

Earning rewards by staking or lending cryptocurrency in DeFi protocols, similar to earning interest on traditional investments.

Year-to-date, indicating the performance of an asset from the beginning of the current year to the present date..